Multiple sclerosis is a chronic or long-term condition of the brain and spinal cord, the two main parts of the central nervous system. The disease affects each individual differently, causing varied and unpredictable symptoms like weakness, vision problems, and bowel issues. It occurs when the immune system attacks myelin, the protective layer insulating wire-like nerve fibers. While there’s no known cure yet, there are multiple ways to manage multiple sclerosis: Treatment options Several treatments are available for multiple sclerosis. Doctors may prescribe the following treatments to help patients manage the disease. PONVORY® The FDA has approved PONVORY® (ponesimod) for treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, including relapsing-remitting disease, active secondary progressive disease, and clinically isolated syndrome. It can lower relapse episodes and the number of lesions and slow down disease progression. PONVORY® is thought to work by reducing the number of immune cells, called lymphocytes, in the blood. It’s an oral treatment usually taken once a day with or without food. Some common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, elevated liver enzymes (abnormal liver tests), and high blood pressure. KESIMPTA® KESIMPTA® (ofatumumab) is an FDA-approved treatment for adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It’s a monoclonal antibody that works by depleting some immune B cells, which have been thought to contribute to nervous system damage in the disease.

Blood clotting, known as coagulation, is a process where platelets and plasma proteins combine to clot the blood to prevent excessive bleeding in case of an injury. However, sometimes individuals may not have enough clotting factors due to some disorders. Bleeding disorders are chronic and are either congenital or acquired. There are many disorders that can arise from this condition. Know how to prevent complications that may arise from different bleeding disorders. Inherited bleeding disorders Inherited bleeding disorders are genetic and happen when there is some damage or deficiency in specific genes that control clotting. The inherited bleeding disorders are: Combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors Hemophilia A Hemophilia B Hemophilia C Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Rare bleeding disorders with deficiency of clotting factors Von Willebrand disease Acquired bleeding disorders Acquired bleeding disorders happen if a disease or treatment has led to less or no production of the clotting factors. It can also occur if there is damage to any blood vessel, causing excessive bleeding. Acquired bleeding disorders include: Arteriovenous malformation where blood vessels may get tangled Disseminated intravascular coagulation Liver disease–associated bleeding Rare cases of Von Willebrand disease and hemophilia Vitamin K deficiency bleeding Symptoms of bleeding disorders The common symptoms of different bleeding disorders include:

The lymphatic system is the human body’s germ-fighting network. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects this system and causes infected and ineffective lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. The development compels the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen to swell, leading to health complications. The two main lymphoma types are Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. There are methods to tackle the mutation. At the same time, following these easy tips may also help one manage lymphoma. Getting the right treatment Treatment is essential for any form of lymphoma. However, before starting a treatment plan, one should get a proper diagnosis of the condition. One test to narrow down on cancer includes a physical examination where the healthcare expert checks the underarm, groin, and neck region for swollen lymph nodes. Removing a lymph node or extracting a bone marrow sample for testing are other methods to identify lymphoma. A doctor may also conduct blood and imaging tests to diagnose the condition. After lymphoma is detected, a healthcare expert may suggest active surveillance to monitor the growth and progress of lymphatic cancer, especially if it is in the initial stages. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplants are also suggested based on the severity of the cancer.

Major depressive disorder is a common occurrence seen in many people: about 17.3 million adults and 1.9 million children between the ages of 3 and 17 in the country are diagnosed with the disorder. Such a condition can lead to symptoms such as an irregular appetite, lack of energy, and trouble sleeping. Among other mechanisms to manage depression, following certain tips can also help an individual improve how they cope with the condition. Initiating treatments The first essential step for coping with major depressive disorder is initiating a treatment plan. A healthcare professional may recommend psychotherapy (talk therapy) to treat moderate to severe depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is often the preferred option when it comes to tackling depression. Healthcare experts may recommend Rexulti® (brexpiprazole) for depression. The patient must take the tablet in combination with antidepressants as prescribed by the doctor. The dosage is also prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia (a common depression trigger) in adult and pediatric patients aged 13 years and older. Rexulti® can be taken once daily with or without food. Caplyta® (lumateperone) is another prescription known to tackle episodes of depression associated with bipolar depression in adults. The prescription is administered by itself or by combining it with lithium or valproate.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), in most cases, develops as an uncommon side effect of specific existing neurological prescriptions. Patients develop visible facial symptoms, including lip smacking, rapid blinking, and tongue thrusting, among others. These symptoms are triggered due to basic involuntary muscle contractions as the brain releases excess dopamine when one has tardive dyskinesia. There is no cure, but read on to know the prescriptions, treatments, and suggested lifestyle changes for the condition: Prescriptions for tardive dyskinesia One of the primary treatment methods suggested by specialists is the prevention of the symptoms and minimizing the risk of progression. Several FDA-approved prescriptions have proven to be effective in managing symptoms. Ingrezza® Ingrezza® once-a-day capsules are approved for treating and managing motor control issues linked to tardive dyskinesia. Adults can take the daily dose as suggested by their healthcare providers to manage specific facial and body movements that are involuntarily triggered during the disease progression. It controls the brain’s release of dopamine, one of the primary hormones linked to motor control, to prevent uncoordinated movements. Several clinical trials conducted revealed that the symptoms were managed within a period of six to eight weeks with a daily prescription. Continued use further improved outlook and quality of life among those dealing with moderate to severe symptoms.

Many people don’t realize the importance of building and maintaining strong and healthy bones until their bones begin to weaken. Bones protect vital organs and store important nutrients and minerals. However, common diseases like osteoporosis, which affects about 10 million people in the country, can make the bone weak and more likely to break. Fortunately, osteoporosis and other diseases that affect the bone can be managed and even prevented with these simple tips: Treatment options For women with osteoporosis, an excellent treatment option is EVENITY®. The FDA has approved it to treat osteoporosis in women after menopause. Those looking for an effective bone strengthening treatment must know that EVENITY® works in two ways to treat osteoporosis: it boosts the body’s natural ability to form new bone and reduces bone loss simultaneously. It’s one of the only treatments to target these two critical aspects of bone health simultaneously. Studies conducted on EVENITY® found that it helps build new bones rapidly and reduces the risk of spine fracture in 12 months. It consists of two shots (single dose) given under the skin monthly by a healthcare provider. Like every other treatment, EVENITY® comes with certain side effects. The most common side effects are joint pain and headaches.

Cancer is a term used to describe a group of diseases caused due to the growth and multiplication of abnormal cells in the body. Breast cancer is when this abnormal growth starts in the breast. Around one in eight women are at risk of developing the condition. The most common sign is a lump in the breast or armpit. Here are some treatments, nutritional choices, and lifestyle changes that can help manage breast cancer: Get the right treatment Unfortunately, there is no cure for breast cancer yet. The various available treatments focus on reducing this condition’s symptoms and slowing cancer’s spread. Popular options include oral therapies, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Here is a closer look at two well-known treatments: CAR T-cell therapy CAR-T cell therapy (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy) is a form of immunotherapy that can help treat many different types of cancer. It uses the individual’s own immune cells to fight the harmful cells in the body. Immune cells, or T cells, are extracted from the patient’s blood and modified in a laboratory. The modified cells are then injected back into the bloodstream. They are now more capable of fighting the disease. Over the last few years, CAR-T cell therapy has progressed significantly.

About 200 types of mosquitoes are commonly present in the country, and only 12 of them spread germs. Everyone must take preventive steps to protect themselves and their family from the bites of these mosquito types. Mosquitoes have a strong sense of smell, and therefore, they get sensitive to certain scents. Synthetic and chemical repellents and fragrances act as irritants. You can use the following five natural scents to keep mosquitoes at bay: Peppermint Peppermint is a potent insecticide; its oil can kill mosquito larvae within a day. Peppermint plants in your garden and yard can keep adult mosquitoes at bay, and its oil prevents mosquito bites. The impact of the oil lasts for about three hours. How to use: Mix 10-15 drops of good quality and pure peppermint essential oil in a spray bottle with two cups of water. Identify the spots that a mosquito may gain entry into or hide. Spray this essential oil solution in door frames, window sills, furniture, laundry area, curtains, exhaust fans, and air vents. Alternatively, add one or two drops of peppermint oil into pieces of cotton and place them around the house. Combine five to six drops of peppermint oil with a carrier oil like coconut oil and apply the mixture to your body.

Sunglasses not only help protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays but also add aesthetic appeal to the overall appearance. With the right sunglasses, you can pull off any look and, at the same time, maintain eye health. One can opt for polarized sunglasses for the beach day or classic aviators for a brunch date. However, there are many myths about the usage of sunglasses, which unfortunately leads to vision damage. Let’s debunk the following four myths: Myth 1 – Children don’t need sunglasses One common myth amongst adults is that children don’t particularly need sunglasses for protection as adults do. Research shows that the lens of a child allows more UV rays to penetrate through their sensitive retina than in adults. Once you begin to protect the eyes from a nascent stage, you can prevent some eye-related issues from developing as your child grows. Some sunglasses for kids are ambiguous about the features and merely state that they offer protection from ultraviolet rays. Please do not buy them unless it clearly states they provide 100% protection from UV rays. Myth 2 – Cheap sunglasses don’t offer protection Higher the prices, better the quality. This is a general belief that is also applied to eyewear.

Although sugar is essential, people deem it unhealthy. That is because not all sugars are the same; natural sugars like fructose and lactose found in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are healthy. These sugars are found in small amounts and contain healthy doses of fiber and calcium. However, added sugars in most processed foods can often lead to health troubles, as they have no nutritional value. Here are ten signs you’re eating too much sugar: Increased hunger and weight gain Although sugar satisfies the taste buds, it does not fill our stomachs. Processed foods rich in sugar generally lack protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and our body burns through this sugar quickly, making us feel more hungry and snacky. Consumption of extra calories may result in weight gain. High sugar intake also disrupts metabolism and the ability to process lipids and cholesterol, affecting hunger patterns and weight gain. Frequent urination Persistently high blood glucose makes the kidneys work overtime to filter and absorb the additional sugar. When the kidneys cannot keep up, the excess sugar goes into the urine, taking along fluids from the body’s tissues. This can cause dehydration. As a result, one might feel frequent urges to drink more fluids, which results in frequent urination.