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Causes and Warning Signs of Thyroid Cancer

Causes and Warning Signs of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer affecting the thyroid gland, a gland situated at the base of the neck. The cause of the disease may not be known at the initial stages, but some environmental and genetic factors may lead to the onset. Some people may have the symptoms early on, while some may experience none. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the silent warning signs to avail of timely diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of thyroid cancer

  • Unregulated cell growth
    When cells in the thyroid grow and divide at an abnormally fast rate, it can lead to the development of thyroid cancer.
  • Genetic mutation
    Sometimes, a mutation in a gene can cause it to become faulty, leading to a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer.
  • Radiation exposure
    Exposure to high doses of radiation, such as radiotherapy treatment, may increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
  • Age
    Thyroid cancer is more common in people over age 45.
  • Certain health conditions
    People with certain autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease, may be more likely to develop thyroid cancer. Additionally, those with goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) or those who have previously been exposed to therapeutic levels of iodine (such as those undergoing health imaging procedures) may also be more prone to developing thyroid cancer.

Silent warning signs of thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer is a severe condition. While it is relatively rare, it can be fatal if not detected early. Therefore, it’s essential to be aware of the signs and symptoms of this condition. Here are some of the silent warning signs of thyroid cancer that should be not ignored:

  • A lump in the neck
    One of the most common signs of thyroid cancer is a lump in the neck, either in the throat or below the Adam’s apple. This lump may feel soft or hard, and it can be painful or even painless. It is usually painless and may only be noticed when you swallow.
  • Pain in the neck
    Pain in the neck can also be a sign of thyroid cancer, although it is rare. This pain may range from a dull ache to a sharp stabbing pain and can worsen with movement or pressure.
  • Swelling in the neck
    Swelling or enlargement in the neck can also be a sign of thyroid cancer. This swelling may cause the neck to appear larger than usual, and you may feel fullness in the throat area.
  • Difficulty in swallowing
    Difficulty swallowing can also be a sign of thyroid cancer. This difficulty may occur when swallowing food or liquids and may cause a sensation like something stuck in the throat.
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
    One of the most common silent warning signs of thyroid cancer is enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Lymph nodes act as filters in the body and can become enlarged when cancer-causing cells affect them.
  • Shortness of breath
    Shortness of breath may also be an indicator of thyroid cancer. As the tumor grows, it can begin to press on the windpipe, making breathing difficult.
  • Hoarseness
    Hoarseness can also be a sign of thyroid cancer. The growing tumor starts putting pressure on the vocal cords, causing them to become inflamed, leading to hoarseness.
  • Cough
    Coughing can be a potential symptom of thyroid cancer. While it is usually associated with more common illnesses like colds and the flu, it can also indicate a more serious underlying problem. A persistent cough, especially one that does not improve or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as a lump in the neck, should be evaluated by your doctor. Coughing can be caused by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can press on the airway, leading to difficulty breathing and coughing.
  • Fatigue
    It is one of the silent warning signs of thyroid cancer. If you feel exhausted for extended periods and it doesn’t seem to be due to any other underlying causes, such as lack of sleep or a busy schedule, it could be a sign that something is wrong. You may feel like you need more energy, and it takes more effort than usual to accomplish daily tasks. If you notice that you are feeling incredibly exhausted, you should get checked out by a doctor immediately.
  • Nausea and vomiting
    Nausea is discomfort that often leads to a desire to vomit, while vomiting forces the stomach contents up through the esophagus and out of the mouth. In some cases, nausea and vomiting may be caused by changes in hormone levels due to thyroid cancer.

How is thyroid cancer diagnosed and treated?
Thyroid cancer is usually diagnosed with a combination of blood tests, imaging tests (such as a CT scan or an MRI), and biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from the affected area of the thyroid and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the healthcare expert chalks down a treatment plan. Treatment options for thyroid cancer vary depending on the severity of cancer but generally include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or other supplements.

Surgery is also a treatment procedure for thyroid cancer. During surgery, the surgeon will remove part or all of the thyroid gland and any surrounding lymph nodes and other tissues that are affected by cancer. This treatment option is used as a last resort when other or a combination of treatment methods fail to improve the affected person’s condition. 

Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or different types of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

Chemotherapy involves using prescriptions to kill cancer cells. Other supplements may be used to help boost the immune system, reduce symptoms, and/or improve the overall quality of life.

No matter what treatment plan is chosen, it’s essential to work closely with the licensed doctor to get the best possible care and outcome.

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